Activation of the complement cascade may destroy pathogens directly and can activate other components of the inflammatory response. Is this statement true or false?

The statement is true. The complement cascade is a critical part of the innate immune system that plays a significant role in pathogen elimination. When activated, the complement system can lead to the direct destruction of pathogens through a process known as opsonization, where pathogens are tagged for destruction, or through the formation of a membrane attack complex that creates pores in the pathogen's membrane, leading to cell lysis.

In addition to directly targeting pathogens, the complement cascade also enhances the inflammatory response. It generates various compounds that serve as chemotactic factors, recruiting immune cells to sites of infection or injury. Moreover, the complement proteins can promote inflammation by increasing vascular permeability and facilitating the interaction between immune cells and pathogens.

Therefore, the statement accurately reflects the dual role of the complement system in both directly attacking pathogens and orchestrating other components of the immune and inflammatory response.