HHNKS is most closely associated with which type of diabetes?

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNKS) is most closely associated with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. This condition is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels without significant ketone production, which distinguishes it from diabetic ketoacidosis often seen in Type I Diabetes. In Type II diabetes, the pancreas is often still capable of producing some insulin, which means ketogenesis is not typically triggered. Instead, severe hyperglycemia leads to osmotic diuresis, resulting in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

This condition generally develops in individuals with a history of type II diabetes, particularly those who may be elderly or have other comorbidities, making them more susceptible to stressors that can precipitate HHNKS, such as infections or illness. The high levels of glucose create a hyperosmolar state, causing significant fluid shifts and dehydration, but the presence of insulin generally prevents the accumulation of ketone bodies.

Gestational diabetes does not typically lead to HHNKS as it usually resolves after delivery and is more related to maternal insulin resistance rather than chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes insipidus, on the other hand, is related to issues with antidiuretic hormone regulation and does not impact glucose metabolism directly, thereby making it