The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:

Eukaryotes are characterized by the presence of organelles, which are specialized structures within the cell that perform distinct functions. This includes organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, among others. The nucleus is particularly significant as it houses the genetic material (DNA) and is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, differentiating eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, which lack a defined nucleus and are generally less complex in structure.

In contrast, prokaryotic cells are typically smaller, simpler, and do not contain membrane-bound organelles. They have a more rudimentary structure, which can be advantageous for rapid reproduction and adaptation but limits their complexity. Thus, the option highlighting organelles is fundamental to distinguishing eukaryotic cells, as the presence of these structures allows for a higher degree of specialization and regulation within the cell compared to prokaryotes.

This understanding of cellular structures is crucial in pathophysiology, as many diseases arise from dysfunctions in these organelles, and therapeutic strategies may target these specific components in eukaryotic cells.