Weight gain and accumulation of adipose tissue in specific areas is a hallmark of which disease?

Cushing's disease is characterized by excess cortisol production, often resulting in notable physical changes, including weight gain and abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue. This accumulation frequently occurs in specific areas of the body, such as the abdomen, face (leading to a rounded "moon face"), and the back of the neck (known as a buffalo hump). The redistribution of fat in these areas is directly attributed to the hormonal imbalances caused by excessive glucocorticoids, which impact metabolism and fat distribution.

The other conditions listed do involve weight changes and metabolic alterations, but they do not specifically manifest with the unique patterns of fat distribution seen in Cushing's disease. For instance, hypothyroidism can lead to general weight gain and fluid retention but does not typically present with the distinctive fat redistribution patterns. Similarly, while Type II Diabetes Mellitus is associated with obesity, the fat distribution is less specific and often reflects overall body fat rather than the signature localized changes of Cushing's disease. Obstructive sleep apnea can be related to obesity, but it is primarily a consequence of other health conditions rather than a defining feature like in Cushing's disease.