What is a life-threatening condition that can result from edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury?

Edema of the upper cervical cord following a spinal cord injury can lead to impairment of the diaphragm, which is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerve originating from the C3-C5 spinal segments. Any significant swelling at this level can compromise the function of the diaphragm, leading to respiratory failure. This is particularly critical because the diaphragm is the main muscle responsible for ventilation. Impairment in its ability to contract results in inadequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal, leading to severe breathing difficulties, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly.

Additionally, respiratory complications from cervical cord injuries are one of the most serious consequences, given the dependence on adequate respiratory function for survival. In such situations, intervention through mechanical ventilation may be necessary to provide adequate breathing support until the edema resolves or further interventions can be taken.