What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

Chronic pancreatitis is most commonly caused by alcohol abuse, which leads to inflammation and progressive impairment of pancreatic function. Chronic exposure to alcohol can result in repetitive injury to the pancreas, leading to cellular damage, fibrosis, and ultimately, loss of pancreatic parenchyma. This process disrupts normal enzyme secretion and can cause significant digestive problems, diabetes, and chronic pain.

The effects of alcohol on the pancreas include stimulation of the pancreatic ductal cells, alterations in fluid secretion, and increased protein content in pancreatic secretions, which can contribute to the formation of protein plugs and duct obstruction. All of these factors amplify the risk of chronic inflammation and tissue damage over time.

While other conditions, such as obstruction can contribute to pancreatic damage, alcohol remains the predominant risk factor in the vast majority of cases. Understanding this leads to better prevention and management strategies tailored to individuals at risk for chronic pancreatitis.