Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

Peroxisomes are specialized cell organelles responsible for producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through oxidative reactions. They contain enzymes called oxidases that facilitate the removal of hydrogen atoms from various substrates, leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxide. This process is important for several metabolic functions, including the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances.

In addition to producing hydrogen peroxide, peroxisomes also contain catalase, an enzyme that quickly converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thereby neutralizing its potential harmful effects within the cell. This dual functionality makes peroxisomes crucial for maintaining cellular health and metabolism.

Lysosomes primarily function in the degradation and recycling of cellular waste and do not produce hydrogen peroxide. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis and do not engage in oxidative reactions. The term "oxyhydrosomes" is not a recognized scientific term related to cellular components, further distinguishing peroxisomes as the correct answer in this context.