Which condition is associated with functional dysphagia?

Functional dysphagia refers to the difficulty in swallowing that arises without any obvious structural or mechanical obstruction in the swallowing pathway. It is typically related to abnormalities in the neuromuscular control of swallowing.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness in the voluntary muscles, and the muscles responsible for swallowing can be affected. This condition can lead to transient swallowing difficulties due to fluctuating strength and fatigue of the muscles involved in the swallowing process, which aligns with the definition of functional dysphagia. The issue occurs because of impaired communication between the nerves and muscles rather than an obstruction or tumor affecting the esophagus.

In contrast, conditions like esophageal stricture, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and esophageal cancer involve physical changes or damage to the esophagus that can cause obstructive dysphagia. Esophageal stricture is characterized by a narrowing of the esophagus which can physically block the passage of food. GERD may lead to inflammation and complications such as strictures but is primarily a symptom-related condition caused by acid reflux. Esophageal cancer is a malignant growth that typically results in structural obstruction, therefore also causing dysphagia due to mechanical impediments.

The distinction between functional dysphagia and obstruct