Which two conditions are commonly classified as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)?

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two conditions commonly classified as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) due to their chronic inflammatory nature affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Both conditions result in inflammation, but they affect different areas and can have distinct pathological features.

Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, and often involves the full thickness of the bowel wall, leading to complications such as strictures and fistulas. Ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, is limited to the colon (large intestine) and generally affects only the mucosal layer. These diseases share common symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss, and they may also lead to systemic complications due to the chronic inflammation.

Other conditions listed, such as colorectal cancer and diverticulitis, are not classified as IBD. Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that may arise as a complication of IBD but is not an inflammatory bowel disease itself. Similarly, diverticulitis refers to inflammation of diverticula in the colon and is considered a different gastrointestinal condition, while appendicitis and gastritis focus on distinct inflammatory processes in the appendix and stomach, respectively. Cholecystitis and pancreatitis involve inflammation